Embryological Development of the Larynx
The larynx develops from the endoderm and mesenchyme of the embryonic foregut. The laryngeal mucosa originates from the endoderm, while the cartilages and muscles arise from the mesenchyme. Key structures develop as follows:
- Epiglottis: Forms from the hypobranchial eminence.
- Thyroid Cartilage: The upper part derives from the 4th branchial arch, while the lower part develops separately.
- Cricoid, Corniculate, and Cuneiform Cartilages: Develop from the mesenchyme.
- Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles: Originate from the 6th branchial arch.
- Hyoid Bone:
- The upper body and lesser cornua develop from the 2nd arch.
- The lower body and greater cornua arise from the 3rd arch.
Innervation
- The superior laryngeal nerve (4th arch nerve, a branch of the vagus) supplies the cricothyroid muscle and pharyngeal constrictors.
- The recurrent laryngeal nerve (6th arch nerve) innervates all intrinsic muscles of the larynx.
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Embryology of the Larynx Best Lecture Notes Dr Rahul Bagla ENT Textbook
Reference Textbooks.
- Scott-Brown, Textbook of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.
- Cummings, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.
- Stell and Maran’s, Textbook of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology.
- Ballenger’s, Otorhinolaryngology Head And Neck Surgery
- Susan Standring, Gray’s Anatomy.
- Frank H. Netter, Atlas of Human Anatomy.
- B.D. Chaurasiya, Human Anatomy.
- P L Dhingra, Textbook of Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat.
- Hazarika P, Textbook of Ear Nose Throat And Head Neck Surgery Clinical Practical.
- Mohan Bansal, Textbook of Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat Head and Neck Surgery.
- Hans Behrbohm, Textbook of Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases With Head and Neck Surgery.
- Logan Turner, Textbook of Diseases of The Nose, Throat and Ear Head And Neck Surgery.
- Arnold, U. Ganzer, Textbook of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery.
- Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology.
- Guyton & Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology.
Author:
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